A Profile of Greek Mathematician Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes (c.276-194 B.C.), a mathematician, is known for his mathematical calculations and geometry. Eratosthenes was called Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he was never first, but he is more famous than his Alpha teachers because his discoveries are still used today. Chief among these are the calculation of the circumference of the earth (note: the Greeks did know the earth was spherical) and the development of a mathematical sieve named after him. He made a calendar with leap years, a 675-star catalog, and maps. He recognized the Niles source was a lake, and that rains in the lake region caused the Nile to flood. Eratosthenes - Life and Career Facts Eratosthenes was the third librarian at the famous Library of Alexandria. He studied under the Stoic philosopher Zeno, Ariston, Lysanias, and the poet-philosopher Callimachus. Eratosthenes wrote a Geographica based on his calculations of the circumference of the earth. Eratosthenes is reported to have starved himself to death at Alexandria in 194 B.C. Writing of Eratosthenes Much of what Eratosthenes wrote is now lost, including a geometrical treatise, On Means, and one on the mathematics behind Platos philosophy, Platonicus. He also wrote the fundamentals of astronomy in a poem called Hermes. His most famous calculation, in the now lost treatise On the Measurement of the Earth, explains how he compared the shadow of the sun at Summer Solstice noon in two places, Alexandria and Syene. Eratosthenes Calculates the Circumference of the Earth By comparing the shadow of the sun at Summer Solstice noon at Alexandria and Syene, and knowing the distance between the two, Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth.The sun shone directly into a well at Syene at noon. At Alexandria, the angle of inclination of the sun was about 7 degrees. With this information, and knowing that Syene was 787 km due south of Alexandrian  Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth to be 250,000 stadia (about 24,662 miles).

Religion And Morality On The Hunt Of Finding The Author Of...

God as Author of Morality There is always controversy around when we bring any topic related to religion to the table and it is not different when we talk about morality. This paper will explore the controversial side that plays religion and morality in the hunt of finding the author of what we know as social norms. In this philosophy paper, we will discuss the origin and evolution of the Divine Command Theory and we will analyze an objections against this theory cited by Plato (Atenas, 427 - 347 a. C.) who states: morality and moral obligations ultimately do not depend on God. First of all, we will discuss the origin end evolution of Divine Command Theory. There are three central assumptions about the correlation between morality and religion. We may focus on one out of those three assumptions. This assumption points out that somehow there is a direct relation between a divine being and what is morally appropriate. Russ Shafer-Landua explains this argument by claiming: â€Å"Morality must be created by someone, and God is by far the best candidate.† (2014 The Fundaments of Ethics p.63) God’s omniscience (all-knowing) is which gives the best credentials for designing a moral code. Also, this assumption claims that without the existence of God there would be a lack of morality, considering that we need some authority to guide us. Our disapproval of certains action do not make things wrong, since as human beings, we have a limited overall vision. Shafer-Landua also shows that dueShow MoreRelatedCultural Anthropology6441 Words   |  26 Pages - linked to other cultural domains such as: Exchange: pot latching art and dance, Bodily modification. Decorations, tattoos Religion: clothing, practices, etc. What is Art? Art is application of imagination, skill and style to matters movement, and sound that goes beyond the purely practical. * High art= in a museum * Low art= graffiti Who decides: What is Art? 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What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subjectRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23627 Words   |  95 Pagesdefamation will assist in framing material appropriately and avoiding claims. If in doubt journalists should consult more senior staff or seek legal advice. Prevention of problems is cheaper (and better for career advancement) than cure. 2. What is defamatory? There is no uniformly accepted definition. Basically, a publication is defamatory if it causes the injured partys reputation to be lowered in the eyes of ordinary members of the community, or causes them to be shunned, avoidedRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23639 Words   |  95 Pagesdefamation will assist in framing material appropriately and avoiding claims. If in doubt journalists should consult more senior staff or seek legal advice. Prevention of problems is cheaper (and better for career advancement) than cure. 2. What is defamatory? There is no uniformly accepted definition. Basically, a publication is defamatory if it causes the injured partys reputation to be lowered in the eyes of ordinary members of the community, or causes them to be shunned, avoidedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Physics Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Physics Persuasive Essay Blackballing Look Think Motion can be described using graphs. Graphs and charts are common tools used in science. To interpret graphs, read the axis labels as well as the numbers on the axis. The title should give you some clue as to the purpose of the graph. Next, examine the content. Try to describe the content in words, using As _(quantity on the x axis), _(type of change, such as increases or decreases), (quantity on the y axis) _(type of change such as increases or decreases). For example, the graph above could be described, As time increases from O to 8 seconds, the velocity of Billy increases linearly from O to about 14 m/s. One dimensional motion, such as a car trip, can be described using several different graphs. A velocity vs.. Time graph can be used to describe both acceleration and displacement. Acceleration is shown by the slope of the graph, displacement by the area. Their house. They recorded their velocity every second. After they got home, each of them added their data to the graph above. Write Using physics vocabulary, compare/contrast Billys and Crystals trip. Be sure to understand the type of graph that is being used. Center your thoughts around a central idea and write directly to the prompt. Organize your composition in one paragraph with an introduction and conclusion. Use terms such as velocity, acceleration, position, displacement, correct units, direction of motion do not use graphing terms such as slope, up, down, positive, negative write at least 5 sentences sketch a position-time graph and an acceleration-time graph WRITING SCIENCE!

Sex And Religious Morality Essays - Gender, Interpersonal Attraction

Sex And Religious Morality It has been said that the two most powerful drives in a human, besides the practical need for food and shelter, are sex and religion. The sexual urge is strong in nearly everyone, as advertisers of everything from chocolates to cars can tell you, and the urge to worship the divine (by whatever name) is also strongly present in many. In early religions and Neo-Paganism, sex was celebrated as an affirmation of life. It was felt to be a foundational part of the order of the world and of human nature. Therefore, separating it from religion was unthinkable and a kind of contradiction in terms. Many who followed the teachings of Jesus were converts from Pagan religions that used heterosexual and homosexual activities as a means of worship. Religious Fundamentalists argue that sexual acts outside a marriage are immoral-even then sex is only to be used as a means for procreation and is not meant to be thoroughly enjoyed. Homosexuality, according to them, is an abomination that has always been condemned in the Bible. Fundamentalists are so devout in their religions they become blinded to any other interpretation of the Bible other than the literal views they believe. If this were not so, they might be more open to the fact that the words "homosexual" and "homosexuality" were not part of the Hebrew or Greek languages, because they were not coined until the 19th century. Therefore, it is impossible that the original scriptures contained words pertaining to something that did not exist. Such narrow-minded and hypocritical convictions cause the Fundamentalists to show a hardness of heart to love, compassion and service towards others?aspects that other religions embrace as their highest priorities. Reverend Peter Gomes strives to teach groups like Fundamentalists not to interpret the Bible literally?especially when abusing passages to condemn issues such as homosexuality. He asks of people, when reading the Bible, to ask not only what it says, but, "what did this mean when it was written," and "what does it mean now?" because not many people realize that the Bible was written by hundreds of people at different time periods in languages that may no longer be used. It's groups such as the Fundamentalists who are quick to condemn homosexuals as sinners. Because they take passages so literally, it's easy for them to discriminate against, and persecute gays and lesbians. Careful study will show that while the Bible does condemn homosexual and heterosexual prostitution, it says nothing about loving, committed homosexual relationships. Jesus himself never commented on homosexuality, which makes one wonder whose concern it really was. Unfortunately, many bible passages are taken out of context, or interpreted without consideration for the cultural aspects associated with the time period in which they were written. Also, there are many versions of the Bible that reflect limited scientific knowledge, personal beliefs of the interpreters and social beliefs of the times they were written. Personal biases and societies prejudices have most certainly distorted the Bible's many translations. For example: People use the passage about Sodom to condemn homosexuality as a sin because the townsmen wanted to rape two angels visiting Lot. By looking closer, one can see the men were not punished for homosexuality, but indeed for the sins of pride, greed, and idolatry of Babylonian and Canaanite gods. Nothing about homosexuality is mentioned?in fact, Lot offered the men his own two daughters?indicating that the men were heterosexuals wanting to inflict punishment in the form of rape upon the angels. In fact, homosexual rape was a common form of punishment when men wanted to prove their dominance or influence in any given situation. Also, passages from Leviticus are commonly used to denounce homosexuals even though the word homosexual doesn't appear anywhere. This was actually a code of Holiness used as a ritual manual for Islamic priests. Christians are not bound by these rules and rituals, and if they insist on using these passages to attack homosexuals they are also bound by the other rules and rituals therein described. It forbids: - Sexual intercourse with a woman during her menstrual cycle - Tattoos - Eating certain kinds of meats - Wearing clothing made of more than one cotton blend - Men cutting their hair or shaving their beards This code also endorses polygamy and requires Saturday to be the holy day. Obviously it is unfair to condemn homosexuality, while ignoring the fact that most Christians do not follow the rest of the rules outlined in the Holiness Code of Leviticus. Although there's a lot of negative feedback because of negative

Farewell of arms essays

Farewell of arms essays There are three major themes in Hemingways A Farewell to Arms. The first themeis enduring love ended only by mortality. The second, the epeople can and do believe during war. The last and most important theme is Frederic Henrys disillusionment. Hemingway shows that love can persevere in a world ruiy, he thinks of her as merely a sexual conquest. Henry considers his flirting with Catherine like moves in a chess game.. Henry thinks Catherine is a little bit crazy, and both admit they are acting. meets her, after he is wounded and sent to an American hospital, that he realizes he loves her. Henry admits he didnt want to fall in love with her, but ince they rarely argue. eath. He notices because of his love he has become gentle. When he deserts and returns to Catherine he finds comfort, order, and courage. He says, foreshadowing the end of their love, If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them.. Henry has become dependent on Catherine. His love for her is strong enough to ease his disillusionment In Chapter 41 their baby is born dead. Henry hopelessly watches as Catherine dies and he is instance, in Chapter 7 Henry meets a soldier who wants to be taken to a hospital which is against the rules. At first Henry objects, but when the sol the time, would you?, he answers no and decides to return later and pick him up. Henry has been unable to find new morals, e time, the belief that war brings glory and honor. Henry enters the war looking for adventure but finds no glory or honor. He finds he is any no more important r he would have fought for it. He has become mellow and tired of conflict, not because of the war, but his love for Catherine. (?) In Chapter 24, when aviators look at his civilian clothes with scorn he isnt upset, he ...

Religious Thanksgiving Quotes

Religious Thanksgiving Quotes Before we begin the sumptuous Thanksgiving feast, we must remember to offer our thanks to the Supreme Being who has showered us with blessings and fortune. In our prayers, let us remember those who have barely enough to feed or clothe themselves. Let the kindness in your heart reach out to the million starving souls who feast on dry bread and salt. We often question the presence of God and his miracles. But we must acknowledge that every day is a miracle, and His merciful benevolence has seen us through the tough times. The Thanksgiving feast is the proof of His love and we are blessed to share the feast with our loved ones. Here are some religious Thanksgiving quotes to make your Thanksgiving Day special. Use these to say a simple prayer of thanks, offering God your unconditional love and devotion. Thanksgiving Quotes Hebrews 13:15 By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name. Jerry Bridges, Respectable Sins Giving thanks to God for both His temporal and spiritual blessings in our lives is not just a nice thing to do - it is the moral will of God. Failure to give Him the thanks due Him is sin. Jeremy Taylor God is pleased with no music below so much as with the thanksgiving songs of relieved widows and supported orphans; of rejoicing, comforted, and thankful persons. David,  Psalm 57:7 - 9 My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give praise. Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. I will praise thee, O Lord, among the people: I will sing unto thee among the nations. William Shakespeare O Lord that lends me life, Lend me a heart replete with thankfulness. Henry Ward Beecher Remember Gods bounty in the year. String the pearls of His favor. Hide the dark parts, except so far as they are breaking out in light! Give this one day to thanks, to joy, to gratitude! Apostle Paul, 2 Corinthians 9:15 Thanks be unto God for his unspeakable gift. John Clayton Thanksgiving is a season that is very much in accord with the themes and teachings of Jesus Christ. There is no racial or ethnic involvement in Thanksgiving, and people who may be very distant from the Christian system can see the beauty and the positive spirit that comes from the holiday. George Herbert Thou hast given so much to me, Give one thing more, - a grateful heart; Not thankful when it pleaseth me, As if Thy blessings had spare days, But such a heart whose pulse may be Thy praise. Thomas Watson God takes away the world that the heart may cleave more to Him in sincerity. Psalm 50:23 He who brings an offering of praise and thanksgiving honors and glorifies Me; and he who orders his way aright [who prepares the way that I may show him], to him I will demonstrate the salvation of God. Samuel Adams It is therefore recommended to set apart Thursday the eighteenth day of December next, for solemn thanksgiving and praise that with one heart and one voice the good people may express the grateful feelings of their hearts and consecrate themselves to the service of their divine benefactor. Psalm 95:2 Let us come before him with thanksgiving and extol him with music and song. Theodore Roosevelt No people on earth have more cause to be thankful than ours, and this is said reverently, in no spirit of boastfulness in our own strength, but with the gratitude to the Giver of good who has blessed us. Thomas Merton, Thoughts on Solitude Our knowledge of God is perfected by gratitude: we are thankful and rejoice in the experience of the truth that He is love. Psalm 26:7 That I may make the voice of thanksgiving heard and may tell of all Your wondrous works.

Nursing 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing 101 - Essay Example Therefore, clinical care delivery and clinical learning experiences of a student nurse like me would ideally also drift from the conventional system. I am too novice to comment on this, and I am sure once my studies go in a full throttle, things will appear as they are. As is evident, in a healthcare setting dominated by specialists and super specialists, there is possibility of some kind of fragmentation of the care, and in my opinion, to avoid such, a holistic concept of people, health, wellness, and healing needs to be used. I know, a holistic perspective focuses on all dimensions of an individual, including physiological, psychological, social, cultural, cognitive, and spiritual. It has a philosophy inherent in this, and this philosophy, I believe, creates the fundamental paradigm of nursing as a profession. Although I am new in this field, I am given to understand that nursing is an art and science of caring and healing that promotes health. The spiritual aspect of nursing is very much relevant to even modern healthcare in the sense that at least spirit may indicate a will to live. This is the life force within a person and spirituality indicates the presence of this phenomenon. However, this is intangible and cannot be located. Without going in to the debate whether it is related to religious aspects of human life, scientific evidence suggests that loss of this life force is detrimental to survival. This concept encompasses a concern or caring that extends from ourselves to others, meaning as the nurse has care and concern for her won existence and survival, they should face the other with an equal concern for their existence and survival (Bunkers, SS., 2008). Disease is a process that expresses in a human being as a result of reaction to the environment, and according to my philosophy, nursing is a process by which the art of caring is manifested. This art of caring, of course, is guided by the philosophical approaches to define

Nigerias Position on the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Essay

Nigerias Position on the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict - Essay Example The General Assembly reiterated that it is always illegal to acquire a territory by use of force or any threat and found that Israel has been breaching the international law. The conflict between the two countries has been present for a long time, thus there is a need to settle the situation between the two. Without taking the side of the Palestine, the country supports the call for Israel to respect and honour its responsibilities and obligations in the international community. Nigeria encourages that both country will do everything to make peace in good faith. Palestine should also stop any act of dispute and violence and make peace. The two countries should make compromises to arrive at a suitable peace agreement (UNGA 10/10246). Until today, Nigeria has been very supportive of the Middle East peace process however, the country felt a little frustration regarding the progress of the negotiation. According to Kio Solomon Amieyeofori, the success of the negotiation was up to the con cerned parties, Palestine and Israel. The country still supports the Road Map peace plan as the solution to the continuous conflict of the two countries. The country encourages stopping Israel’s settlement-related activities in East Jerusalem and West Bank and calls to freeze the militant attacks in Gaza.

Prussia Getting Stronger by 1862 Essay Example for Free

Prussia Getting Stronger by 1862 Essay Why had Prussia emerged as the leading German state by 1862? By the 18th century Prussia was one of the most ruling power in Europe along with other nations like Britain, Italy and Russia. Prussia had also expanded its area by invading some of the areas in Europe. Due to efficient rulers in Prussia in the past, Prussia had been winning most of the wars in Europe and had strong nationalism which helped them to form their own constitution. Now the question is how did Prussia managed to be one of the most leading German state, so here is the clarification. Prussia’s area lacked natural resources due to this the rulers had to find an alternate way to raise its economy. Frederick William, the ruler of Prussia from 1640-1668 was the first major ruler during the uprising of Prussia and he was able to collect large army for Prussia. Prussia lacked army forces back then due to its economic condition, therefore Frederick William taxed his people to create a strong military force in Prussia. And by 40 years the Prussian armies got doubled in size and had the third largest military force in Europe which was a great success for brining Prussia in Power. After Frederick William, Frederick William I came to power and became the next ruler in Prussia. What Frederick William I wanted was a great and a strong power. He could get his people under his control. He also made his army a highly ranked social class used them just as power of symbol and to threaten other nations. However, Frederick William II who became the ruler after Frederick William I did not have the same intentions as William I, he used the armies and conquered many areas in Europe enlarging Prussia’s boundaries. But apart from the power of the military forces and rulers, Prussia was the biggest state comparing to other German states. Not only big in the area but it was also a dominant state in German and also in Europe due to the actions of powerful leaders in the past Prussia’s history. And therefore Prussia had emerged as the leading state by 1862.

Analysis of the Impact of Oil Prices on the Global Economy Essay

1. Introduction The price of oil becomes the bone of contention recently. Oil price seems to be hitting new highs with the regularity of a metronome. It is a bad news for customers who have to pay more on it. More frightening still, this situation may get worse before it come back to normal. No one can exactly predict when the pendulum will soon swing back again since all uncertain factors existing. From the supply side of view, the OPEC is the main producer, being prepared to add or subtract production to balance demand. Moreover, Russia is another major producer of oil in the world. They usually produce more when demand more and subtract when demand reduce to control the price of oil. Anyway, speculator is another factor we have to consider in short run. From demand side of view, every country is trying to reduce the consumption on petroleum, the government use tax strategy to control the oil price. Further more, government strategic oil reserves have to be considered as a factor which causes oil supply shortage. Next, let ¡Ã‚ ¦s discuss in detail how the demand and supply relation affect the price of oil. 2. Microeconomic Analysis 2.1 Analysis of Market Form There are not so many oil producers in the world; the countries that produce most of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s oil have formed a cartel, which called Organization of Petrolum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Those countries controlled about three-quarters of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s oil reserve. Within the OPEC countries, they tries to raise the price of its product through reducing in quantity produced and OPEC tries to set production levels for each of the member countries. From this point of view, oil market belongs to oligopoly which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products. In this form, the producers produce a quantity of output greater than the level produced by monopoly and less than the level produced by competition. The oligopoly price is less than the monopoly price but greater than the competitive price. Therefore, supply and demand theory can be applied in oligopoly form of market. 2.2. Supply and Demand Analysis 2.2.1 Oil Supply Analysis Supply refers to both the ability to sell and the willingness to sell by the producer. Actually, many factors can determine the quantity and individual supplies ¡Xinput prices, technology, expectations. The quantity supplied rises as the price rises and f... ...by tax. When the oil price goes up, the government will tax more on fuel, vice versa. Therefore, it will benefit the domestic consumers. Other factor is the Iraq influence, political unrest can leave the world without enough oil to go round. 3. Conclusion There are too many uncertainties existing in the world oil price. According to the analysis, the price may keep going up due to the shortage of supplies and increasing of demand without considering the speculators factor in short-run. In long-run, the oil price will definitely go down. On the other hand, the price may be peaked already. This will result of the speculators unloading their oil inventories, causing prices to fall sharply. Reference: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://blondesense.blogspot.com/2005/04/crude-futures-crudely-exploited.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  kjhj 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A titanic struggle between supply and demand, http://www.occupationwatch.org/analysis/archives/2005/04/a_titanic_strug.html (visited on 29th, April) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oil and the Economy, http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2004/20041021/default.htm 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time for OPEC to plump up its cushion, http://www.economist.com/agenda/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3759213

Chpt 24

Chpt 24 guide questions 1. To what extent was industrialization responsible for the deplorable conditions of the cities in the early 19th century? The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. It was causing carelessness in the city and lead to more and dusty pollution from all the work which was required to be put in. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes which had led to this happening. . Who was Edwin Chadwick? What role did he play in the public health movement? Edwin Chadwick was an English social reformer, noted for his work to reform the Poor Laws and improve sanitary conditions and public health. He helped sanitize the areas and basically make them a lot cleaner and just plainly better to live in at the time. For he did not feel that sanitation was a big joke. Sanitization was c learly Chadwick’s main focus at the time. 3. What was the miasmatic theory of disease? How did it retard progress?The miasmic theory of disease was a theory that disease was caused by bad odors. it prevented the proper treatment of disease and scientific and medical development in the right direction. It did though lead to shorter not harder process of such with many problems coming form it. The miasmic theory would not very much be considered a failure in way though. 4. What contributions did Pasteur, Koch, and Lister make to life in urban Europe? Pasteur’s theory that germs caused disease helped the advancement of medical sciences and led to the breakthrough of vaccines.Koch helped discover the organism that caused disease and it helped create vaccines. Lister helped develop the idea of cleaning wounds. All these contributions lead to progress in Europe. 5. What were the reasons for the rebuilding of Paris? Who was responsible for this change? After the revolutions o f 1848, Paris was transformed into a spectacle city. The urban planning of Haussmann greatly contributed to the developmental planning of Paris. The development of newly planned streets, parks and sewage systems helped to create a more efficient and advanced city.This lead too many rebuilding have to happen in Europe at this time which could be considered very well. 6. Why was the electric streetcar so important in improving urban life? Electric steel cars are a self-powered rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets and also sometimes on separate rights of way. Electric streetcars revolutionized urban life and enabled the cities to expand because they allowed for faster and more efficient travel and sparked new revolutions in technology. 7.Marx claimed that as a result of industrialization there was an increasing polarization of society Into rich and poor. Do the facts warrant such a conclusion? Marx’s ideas that industrialization caused a greater increase in the gap between the rich and the poor was correct because the jobs available for the poor required little skill, bad conditions and had little pay. It spread the gap between the two classes because it allowed for the upper classes to be favored over the lower classes and for them to manipulate the income of money in their favor. 8.Describe the differences and similarities between groups within the middle class. What separated and what united them? The middle class was separated into the bourgeoisie, hardworking business owners with money, potentially land and potentially political power, and the working middle class who had trades and more money than peasants but didn’t have land or political power and less money than the bourgeoisie. They were united by the need to overthrow the monarchists and the absolutist rulers and separated by the bourgeoisie’s power and money and the lower middle class’s occupation with food. . Describe the â€Å"labor aristocracy. à ¢â‚¬  What were the interests of its members? How did they differ from the rest of the working class? The labor aristocracy was a group of talented workers that had strong moral, political and ohilisophical beliefs and were the â€Å"leaders† of the working class. They were all very focused on succeeding Europe and becoming very successful with all their working times. 10. What were the interests, motives, and lifestyle of the working class? How were they changing by the late nineteenth century?The working class was focused on feeding their family and leisure activities. It changed throughout the 19th century because many working class people began to wane away from the church and become less focused on religion. The ideas of life were vey much chinaging at this time. 11. Why was there a decline in illegitimacy after 1850? There was a decline in illegitimacy after 1850 because the working class became more stable. Families began to develop more and more and there was more ec onomic stability so marriage was a more viable situation. 12. M 3. How common was prostitution in the nineteenth century? Prostitution was â€Å"frowned upon† on the surface but was very popular for men because they married later in life. It was very secret because it was disrespectable but it was extremely common. people would bever be looked at the same way if they were to ever act in such of a messed up way. 14. What was the social and economic position of women in the nineteenth century? Were they better off than in preindustrial society? Women were put into the home to be a wife and a mother, and nothing else.It was frowned upon for them to be anything other than that, i. e. to have an actual career. If women did work, it was lower class women and they worked in harsh conditions like factories. In the cities, they were often worse off than in preindustrialized Europe because the jobs in rural areas were safer and more open to women, whereas in the cities job opportunitie s were slim to none. 15. what changes occurred in child care and the attitudes toward children in the nineteenth century? What was the nineteenth-century view of masturbation?Children and parents became much closer and they began to connect, partly due to the decreasing birth rate, which was because of the disappearance of the need for children to work. Children’s education and upbringing became much more important. Often, children were smothered, especially in the case of sexual nature. Masturbation was a fear of parents and was highly frowned upon. 16. Overall, did family life improve in the nineteenth century? Explain. For some, yes and for others no. For the lower class it didn’t improve because the living conditions because of factory work were so poor.For middle and upper class families’ life improved because they became economically stable and could support, educate and provide for their family. 17. What was the realist movement in literature? Who were th e major writers of this movement, and how did they differ from previous writers? Realism stressed that environment and heredity determined human behavior. They believed in natural laws and they wrote about natural and taboo subjects. Major writers were Zola, Balzac and Flaubert in France and MaryAnn Evans in Britain, Tolstoy in Russia and Dreiser in America. They’re genetic material was different from that of other writers.

Discuss the development of Eddie Carbones character Essay

‘’A View From The Bridge’’ is a play written by Arthur Miller in the mid-1950’s. Set during the Great Depression in around 1940, the play sees main character Eddie Carbone lead a stable life with his wife and niece in a tightly-woven community in Brooklyn, New York. Due to his sincerity, he is respected by the local community and he has his destiny plotted out for him. However, as the tragic play unfolds, Eddie makes a series of mistakes which affect his relationship with others and ultimately result in a catastrophe. Eddie Carbone is a traditional Italian-American, who earns his living as a longshoreman. He leads an ordinary life with his wife (Beatrice) and his niece (Catherine). Beatrice loves Eddie, this is shown when Beatrice says ‘’You’re an angel! God’ll bless you.’’. The word ‘’angel’’ suggests that Beatrice loves Eddie as she is comparing him to an angel. Furthermore, this shows the audience that Beatrice is a traditional woman as she is praising (therefore supporting) her husband. In the era they lived in, men and women were expected to follow the traditional values of their communities. Men were authoritative in the house and usually the breadwinners whilst women were housewives; women were expected to support and obey their husbands. Another member of Eddie’s family includes his niece, Catherine; whom Eddie is protective over. This is shown when Eddie says to Catherine ‘’Listen, you been givin’ me the willies the way you walk down the street’’. The word ‘’willies’’ suggests that Eddie feels uncomfortable with the way Catherine walks down the street. He feels this way because he has a close relationship with Catherine who looks up to him as a father-like figure. An important aspect of Eddie’s character that is presented to the audience is his attitude towards snitching. He feels strongly against snitching, this is shown when he insults snitchers by calling them ‘’stool pigeons’’, using this word suggests that Eddie thinks lowly of people committing such acts. Furthermore, Eddie warns Catherine of snitches when he asks Beatrice to tell Catherine the story of Vinny Bolzano (a teenager who snitched on his uncle to the Immigration Bureau). When Rodolfo and Marco arrive; troubles start to brew up and Eddie’s behaviour changes significantly. Eddie becomes more aggravated, this is shown when in the stage directions it says ‘’He is sizing up Rodolfo’’. This shows that Eddie is trying to taunt Rodolfo by comparing their heights (height is a symbol of power). In addition, when Eddie says to Beatrice ‘’he sings’’ (referring to Rodolfo), Eddie is suggesting that it’s not normal for a man to sing, he is attempting to suggest Rodolfo is gay. Eddie is in a way trying to put him down because he is jealous of Rodolfo’s relationship with Catherine. Another example of his sudden metamorphosis is that he has become more obsessed with Catherine. For instance, when Catherine and Rodolfo return from the Brooklyn Paramount, Eddie says to Catherine ‘’I don’t see you no more’’. This quote suggests that Eddie is obsessed with Catherine because he claims that he doesn’t see Catherine. Beatrice’s relationship with Eddie also deteriorates. This is shown to the audience when Beatrice says ‘’Everything ain’t great with me†¦. When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie?’’. This quote shows that the physical side of their marriage is falling apart because Beatrice is feeling ignored (due to Eddie’s obsession with Catherine). Initially, Eddie considers Marco to be a real man. This is shown when he says ‘’Marco goes around like a man; nobody kids Marco.’’. However, as the play gradually progresses; so does Eddie’s relationship with Marco. For example, in the scene with Marco and the chair, in the stage directions it says ‘’Marco is face to face with Eddie, a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw†¦the chair raised like a weapon over Eddie’s head†¦Eddie’s grin vanishes as he absorbs his look’’. The word ‘’vanishes’’ suggests that the situation is threatening, as the tension is so large that Eddie’s grin vanishes. This event symbolises that the relationship between Marco and Eddie has broken, more importantly it symbolises the start of Eddie’s downfall. By the end of the play, Eddie has changed drastically; he has become a completely different man. He has become a snitch even though he despised snitching at the start of the play. His close relationship with Catherine has ended as Catherine does not look up to Eddie as a father-like figure anymore; in fact she loathes Eddie, this is proven when Catherine says ‘’He’s a rat! He belongs in the sewer!’’. Also, Eddie’s relationship with Marco has deteriorated to such an extent that Marco accuses him of murder and spits in Eddie’s face. We know this because Marco says ‘’He killed my children’’! When Marco spits in Eddie’s face the community become aware of Eddie snitching and they are disgusted. His friend Louis ignores Eddie, this is shown in the stage directions which says ‘’Louis barely turns’’. Therefore Eddie’s main concern now is to get his reputation back, this is proven when Eddie says ‘’I want my name’’. He wants his reputation back because he has been humiliated when Marco spat in his face. In the end, Eddie refuses to listen to Rodolfo’s pleas and demands an apology from Marco. When Marco refuses Eddie takes out a knife but he gets injured himself and dies in the arms of Beatrice. From a highly-respected member of the community, Eddie manages to relegate himself to a disgraced member. Even his most loyal friends ignore him; all because of one error. Eddie is a hero in a Greek Tragedy, he made an error of judgement and he has to suffer immensely for it. Ultimately, he loses the love and respect of his niece Catherine; which is what he was fighting for.

The Stamp Act of 1765 Essays - Stamp Act, Thirteen Colonies, Tax

The Stamp Act of 1765 Essays - Stamp Act, Thirteen Colonies, Tax The Stamp Act of 1765 is a parliamentary act of Great Britain that touched upon the colonies of British America. This document was based on the imposition of the direct tax on the Thirteen Colonies. The main idea of this document was to make British colonies print their books, newspapers, playing cards and other printed materials on the stamped paper that was produced in London. The Crown made this decision to improve its financial condition, because the treasury of Great Britain required gold. Obviously, the Parliament decided to impose taxes on the countrys colonies. It was impossible to print the smallest announcement without the stamp of the Crown. It is natural that this policy was met violently. People were not ready to such unexpected and meaningless taxes and they protested furiously. The Stamp Act of 1765 caused severe protests in all cities of British America. People could not bear the fact that they did not have their own representatives in the Parliament of Great Britain. Consequently, they did not have the opportunity to influence the structure and character of taxation and its usefulness and sensibility. There were spontaneous demonstrations and rallies in all colonies. The biggest rally was in Boston, where furious crowd destroyed a vice governors mansion. Naturally, London decided to resolve this conflict and repealed this Act on 1766. It does not worth mentioning that the Parliament imposed many other similar taxes afterwards, but the colonies opposed them in the same manner. It is possible to say that such a united and cohesive attitude towards the pressure of colonists maintained the process of struggle for independence. The Stamp Act of 1765 is a good subject for analysis, because it illustrates the meaningless of colonial policy. One is able to read about this Act in the reliable sources in order to improve his knowledge about this event. Then, it is important to think about the cause of taxation in the context of the financial condition of Great Britain. One should think about the origin of such documents and their influence on the colonies and their people. Students ought to demonstrate the effect of taxation and summarize their research wisely. It is smart to clarify the importance of this event for the history of the USA.

Use of ~ Kana at the End of Sentence

Use of ~ Kana at the End of Sentence For new students learning Japanese, youll eventually come across sentences ending with kana. Sometimes from the context, its difficult to tell what kana means. How does it translate into a sentence? Heres the basic breakdown of this unusual Japanese sentence structure (unusual to English speakers, at least): When you see Kana at the end of a sentence, it is essentially inferring the English equivalent of I wonder. Its a relatively casual expression, and used quite often in conversation. Instead of just asking the question, its a way of couching it a bit, to encourage the listener to wonder as well.   Here are some examples: Ashita yuki ga furu kana.明æâ€" ¥Ã©â€º ªÃ£ Å'é™ Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder if it will snow tomorrow. Ano hito wa supein-jin kana.㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ¯Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'šã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ³Ã¤ º ºÃ£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder if he/she is Spanish. ~ kashira 㠁‹ã â€"ら can be replaced with ~ kana, though it is used only by females. Kore ikura kashira.㠁“ã‚Å'㠁„㠁 Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder how much it is. Dou shita no kashira.㠁 ©Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã  ®Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€"ら。 I wonder what happened. Here are some more phrases with ~ kana. Nani o kite ikou kana.ä ½â€¢Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§ â‚¬Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€œÃ£ â€ Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š What shall I wear? Mattete kureru kana.Ã¥ ¾â€¦Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'る㠁‹ã  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder if he/she will wait for me. Machiawase-basho machigaeta kana.Ã¥ ¾â€¦Ã£  ¡Ã¥ Ë†Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ºÃ¥   ´Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã©â€"“é â€¢Ã£ Ë†Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder if I am waitingin the wrong place. Okane, ato ikura nokotteru kana.㠁Šé‡‘〠Ã¥ ¾Å'㠁„㠁 Ã£â€šâ€°Ã¦ ®â€¹Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder how much money I have left. .æ  ¥Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ªÃ£â‚¬â€š I wonder if next year will bringsomething good. To ask the question and add an element of doubt or uncertainty I wasnt sure whether it would snow you would add  Ã£  ®(no) forming nokana.

The Book of job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Book of job - Essay Example ’s friends, Eliphaz, the Temanite, begins his counsel by asserting the idea that the innocent are free from suffering while the wicked face constant affliction. Eliphaz reinforces his opinion by presenting a vision he had in the past. Reprimanding Job, Eliphaz commands Jobs to ask for God to forgive him, while reminding Job of the potential benefits that would accrue to him if he repented (4.1–5.22). However, Job defends his remarks by referring to all his agonies and reaffirms his longing for death. Accusing his friends as a â€Å"deceitful brook,† Job challenges them to identify where he has sinned, and then proceeds to complain to God, asking him numerous questions (6.1–7.21). The second friend of Job, Bildad, the Shuhite, comes into the scene rebuking Job for his strong altercation. Bildad emphasizes that God acts justly, by claiming that Job’s sons perished out of their own wrongdoings. He recommends purity to Job so that Job can receive God’s Blessings. Bildad further argues that the wicked have no God’s support whereas the blameless shall forever remain in God’s grip. According to Bildad, God would restore the laughter and rejoice that had deserted Job, upon repentance (8.1–22). In his counsel, Bildad reassures Job that â€Å"God will not cast away a perfect man, neither will he help the evil doers† (8.20). After Bildad’s counsel, Job concurs with him, but his main worry is what it takes for a person to be righteous before God owing to his wisdom and power. To this point, Job continues with his complaint citing God’s inaccessibility and holds that God annihilates the wicked and the blameless equa lly. Job laments about the absence of a mediator as his main reason to reach God, and lets out more questions to God (9.1–10.22). Job’s persistent complaint brings in his third friend, Zophar, the Naamathite, who rebukes Job for his harsh and strong words. He says that Job has faced less agony than he deserves, and should seek ways of casting

Leadership & Innovation in public services Essay

Leadership & Innovation in public services - Essay Example In fact, becoming a leader of a state is not only confined with managing the affairs within the state territory, but requires cooperation and collaboration with the leaders of other nations in order to maintain peace and security. Very few leaders can be classified as selfless and made sacrifices for the people. Few individuals assume the role of the leader with no other motivation but to serve the people. True leaders recognize that the power of a leader comes from the people who can take it back. Leadership Theories The general classifications of leadership theories are the Great Man Theories, Trait Theories, Behaviorist Theories, Situational Leadership, Contingency Theory, Transactional Theory, Transformational Theory (Bolden, Gosling, & Marturano, 2003), and Servant Leadership (The Robert K. Greenleaf, 2005). Each group of theories has been developed by individuals that contribute to the enhancement of a particular theory. According to Bolden et al. (2003), the schools of thought developed under the earlier models focus more on the personal characters and behaviors of the leader. Later schools take into consideration the participation of the followers in the development of the leader (Bolden et al., 2003). The Great Man theories proposed that leaders possess some exceptional innate qualities that destined them to lead. While the Trait Theories provide a list of traits and qualities that a leader should have, the Behaviorist Theories focus on the set of behaviors of a leader. Situational Leadership provides that leadership is seen according to the situation where the leader exists and includes the tasks and goals to be accomplished, as well as the willingness of the person to attain them. Contingency Theory provides the predictive variables that would make the leadership style appropriate on certain circumstances. Transactional Theory expounds on the relationship of the leader and the governed, the benefits they derive from each other, and the reward and ben efits given by the leader in exchange for the loyalty of followers. Transformational Theory focuses on the role of the leader in envisioning the transformation of the organization (Bolden et al., 2003). Servant leadership espouses that a leader is a servant to the people, with no other motivation except to serve the people (The Robert K. Greenleaf, 2005). Participative leadership refers to the involvement of other persons in decision-making and implementation of the same (Culture and Leadership, 2006). Participative leadership, also referred to democratic leadership (Spillane, 2005; Ogbonna & Harris, 2000), is a more successful kind of leadership (Ogbonna & Harris, 2000). Distributed leadership, a recent model, is the antithesis of the â€Å"heroics of leadership† wherein the leader is seen as the sole actor in leading the organization (Spillane, 2005, p. 143). Issues in Public Leadership Many studies were conducted on private organizations but they are likewise applicable in the public sector. Leadership in the public sector is critical in the current generation amidst the complex problems and issues confronting the governments on all fronts. Leadership issues entail survival of the followers, poverty or death. Leading a group also requires the application of strategic approaches to facilitate

Design a Professional Development Program Essay

Design a Professional Development Program - Essay Example Research supports that the best professional development program is one that is data-driven, constructivist by nature, results-oriented, and job embedded. (State of Vermont DOE, 2010) A successful professional development approach must be standards based and aligned with carrying forth the school’s overall mission and vision; while at the same time meeting the professional and personal needs of the staff, as well as the students and stakeholders. It requires reflection on the past with the goal of instituting initiatives to improve the quality indicators that will impact the future. (Mahaffey, Lind, &Derse) At the beginning, many factors must be taken into consideration. The school must do a careful self-assessment comparing data from the student performance indicators, as well as from the performance evaluations of the staff. Several factors will arise from this needs assessment: interests, current skill sets, values, challenges, strengths, and limitations. It will provide an overall health assessment of the school as a whole as well as an individual picture of each staff member. (Educause, 2006) There are four major areas of development that professional development plans focus on: literacy, numeracy, teaching skills, and student outcomes. Literacy learning comprises the five areas of reading, writing and spelling, adolescent literacy, and English Language Learners proficiency. Numeracy focuses on content and processing standards set by the individual states with benchmarks for Common Core State Standards. The next area is teaching skills which focuses on general teaching skills as well as response to intervention. The last area is student outcomes, which focuses on dropout prevention, school improvement, and using data. By taking a broad picture as well as microscopic view of these areas for potential improvement, the school as a whole, as well as each educator, will be able to identify specific needs to focus on for development. By comparing student performance achievement with outcomes generated by individual educators, as well as educator self-assessments, it is possible to set goals for development that will facilitate overall improvement and satisfaction among staff members. (Professional Development Tools, nd.) The next step is setting goals. One of the most successful ways to set goals is using the SMART plan. This plan outlines how to write goals that are subjective, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely. Through setting SMART goals, both long range and short range, it is easier to evaluate when these goals have been accomplished and it is time to move on to the next area of development. (Rose, 2006) SMART goals are specific and strategic; they focus on a certain area and zero in on ways to improve it; they are measurable with indicators showing success. They take into account for limitations such as budgets and the human condition; therefore they are achievable. SMART goals are relevant and rigorous as well as en courage innovations to produce the desired results. Finally, they provide the structure of a timeframe so as to keep the improvement process from frustrating itself. (SMART Goals, 2010-2018) (WEAC, 2011) Professional development must be committed to equity and excellence. It must take into account all the essential elements that will be involved in the process; curriculum,

Work Of Stanley Kubrick Film Studies Essay

Work Of Stanley Kubrick Film Studies Essay Stanley Kubrick became an amateur photographer after getting a camera as a gift. He became an associate photographer at Look Magazine after selling an photograph of a newsstand after Franklin Roosevelt. After several years as an photographer he went into moving pictures, directing and producing his first piece entitled Day of the Flight in 1950. After this he went on to create two more documentaries entitled The Flying Padre and The Seafarers . Then he started doing feature films starting with Fear and Desire, a film that he later sought out all prints of so that no one could watch them. A film is or should be more like music than like fiction. It should be a progression of moods and feelings. The theme, whats behind the emotion, the meaning, all that comes later Stanley Kubrick Some of Stanley Kubricks films use music especially classical to develop an idea. As with Richard Strausss  Also sprach Zarathustra throughout the film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Classical music dominates the film and some argue that the music tells the story not the characters dialogue. The first and last 20 minutes of the film are consumed by classical music. A Clockwork Orange also effectively uses classical music, the film focuses on Alex Delarge, portrayed by Malcolm McDowell, is a deviant who gets conditioned to become a functioning member of society. The government brainwashes Alex with the Ludovico treatment which conditions him to associate horrific crimes with his favorite symphony Beethovens Ninth until the final scene where he discovers he is no longer under the treatments effect. Sometimes Kubrick used music ironically like in A Clockwork Orange Alex sings Singing In the Rain while raping a woman in front of her husband. And  his film Dr. Strangelove ends with  images of nuclear holocaust are accompanied by Vera Lynns version of the WWII song Well Meet Again. The final scene in Full Metal Jacket has the battle hardened Marines singing the theme to The Mickey Mouse Club. One of his signature shots was The Glare a characters emotional breakdown is shown by a close-up shot of the actor with his head tilted slightly down, but with his eyes looking up usually directly into the camera. Kubrick also employed wide angle shots, character tracking shots, zoom shots, and shots down tall parallel walls. Entrapment is a theme of Kubricks films. The characters almost always succumb to their inner demons or assailants. Alex DeLarge is rehabilitated as an ultraviolent thug with the help of the government. Jack Torrance is finally conquered by the overlook hotel. The doomsday device kills everyone. Happy endings are clearly not acceptable in a Kubrickian fable. Visually, the classic corridor shot is the prime indicator of being completely overwhelmed and dwarfed by your surroundings. Its such a striking technique that communicates so much.   Man vs. Technology the ultimate battle is to prove our humanity is superior to machinery. Like with the conflict between HAL 9000 and the scientist.. the Ludivico technique in clockwork is again an effort to dehumanize alex by obliterating his primal rage through a highly scientific and experimental technique. Full Metal Jacket was Kubricks take on the military turning men into killing machines. The sergeant finds Gomer in the bathroom and screams What is your malfunction! as if he were not a human with severe emotional trauma, but a robot. Kubrick  commonly the theme of dehumanization because he was fascinated with the dark side of human nature and not because he thought all humans were basically evil.   Some prime examples of his trend are The Shining, and Full Metal Jacket.   These films explored dark side of the human psyche and the violent nature of human beings. The Shining is about a family that stays at a hotel during the off season to take care of the place.   Jack Nicholson plays the father, Jack.   Staying with Jack at the hotel is his wife and son.   Their son, Danny, has a special psychic abilities which he calls shining.  Ã‚  Jack eventually starts to go insane after spending a few months stuck inside a hotel with his family.   As the film progresses we see Jack continually break down mentally until he finally snaps and tries to kill his family.   The hotel where they stay is haunted and Jack begins to see things and people who arent supposed to be there.   These supernatural entities a re the ones that push Jack over the edge.  Ã‚  He was already disturbed before he saw any ghosts but it was the ghosts that influenced him to kill his family.   The isolation that Jack felt made him paranoid and he believed he had to kill his family because they  were trying to interfere with him and his job as the caretaker of the hotel.  Ã‚  One camera shot in particular displayed Jacks descent into madness.   It is the glare shot which is a common shot in Kubrick films which tend to show a characters emotional meltdown by showing a close up of the actor with their head tilted down slightly and their eyes looking up straight into the camera.   In the Shining, the glare shot occurs when Jack is staring out a window and viewing a snow covered ground.   The camera slowly zooms in on Jack who has demented look on his face. In the first half of Full Metal Jacket, the sergeant, played by R. Lee Ermey, is brutal to the trainees.  One trainee in particular gets the brunt of the drill sergeants punishments.   Nicked named Private Gomer Pyle, who is played by Vincent DOnofrio, is overweight and slow which makes him a target of the drill  instructor.   The whole point of the drill  instructor is to make the trainees capable of killing.  Ã‚  The drill instructor pushes Pyle so hard that Pyle begins to go insane and eventually he shoots the drill  instructor and then  puts the gun to his head.   The film shows how Private Pyle is systematically conditioned to become a killer.   He loses the innocence that he had before arrived at training camp  and becomes a psychotic killer who kills himself. The second half of the film jumps abruptly to Vietnam, following Joker played by Matthew Modinet. The film climaxes in a battle between Jokers platoon and a sniper hiding in the rubble, who is reveal ed to be a young girl. She almost kills Joker until his reporter partner shoots and severely injures her. Joker then kills her to put her out of her misery. This film was seen by some as a sad example of dehumanization in film. Many of Stanley Kubricks films were nominated for Academy Awards in various categories, including Best Picture for  Dr. Strangelove,  A Clockwork Orange, and  Barry Lyndon, and Best Director for  2001: A Space Odyssey,  Dr. Strangelove,  A Clockwork Orange, and  Barry Lyndon (seven overall nominations), and 2001: A Space Odyssey  received numerous technical awards. He would be the first director to use the now oft used Steadicam .He would endlessly researching his topics, and going on to produce documentary style films that were shockingly real and acknowledged by the people who were there, especially with Full Metal Jacket, in which Lee Armey a distinguished military veteran served as technical advisor. Kubrick was notorious for his attention to detail. Reportedly, when working on The Shining he would sometimes film a scene a hundred times. His desire for perfection lead to the delay of some films and others were never made. Like the Napoleon film or the delays in filming Full Metal Jacket. The only film that Kubrick didnt have full auteur control over was Spartacus Kubrick , Stanley Full Metal Jacket , 1987 , Warner Bros. Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 2001 A Space Odyessey 1968, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The Shining, 1980, Warner Bros. Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A Clockwork Orange, 1972 Warner Bros. Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dr. Strangelove, 1965 Columbia Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Barry Lyndon 1975, Warner Bros. Pictures Ronson, Jon Stanley Kubricks Boxes, 2008 , World of Wonder Pipolo, Tony. The Modernist the Misanthrope: The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick..  Cineaste  Spring 2002: 4-49. Patterson, David W.. American Music, Fall2004, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p444-474 Ronson, Jon. The Guardian Newspaper Saturday 27 March 2004 Perel, Zivah. Literature Film Quarterly, 2008, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p223-232 Galenson, David W.; Kotin, Joshua. Historical Methods, Winter2010, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p29-44

Axiologie et Pédagogie du Droit :: French Essays

Axiologie et Pà ©dagogie du Droit ABSTRACT: Le droit, considà ©rà © comme un ensemble de rà ©gles-normes ayant force ogligatoire et contraignante, rà ©git les rappoerts entre les hommes dans une socià ©tà © donnà ©e. En mà ªme temps, il est porteur à   la fois de l'image d'organisation des rapports sociaux familiaux, à ©conomiques et politiques (structure de base de la società ©), et des valeurs. A ce titre, le droit constitue un type-idà ©al qui, inscrit dans les textes (droit positif-objectif) et enracinà © dans la conscience des individus, remplit les fonctions gà ©nà ©rales de la rà ©gulation sociale, de la rà ©solution des conflits, de l'intà ©gration sociale et de la reproduction des structures sociales. En suivant l'enseignement d'Aristotle, le droit en tant que và ©hicule de valeurs peut et doit contenir la valeur suprà ªme de la vertu qui est au principe du bonheur humain. L'État est, donc, tà ¢chà © d'enseigner moyennant la loi (droit positif) la vertu tant intellectuelle qu'à ©th ique. Ainsi, le droit devient un moyen d'à ©ducation et remplit, outre ses fonctions gà ©nà ©rales, les fonctions pà ©dagogique et axiologique en contribuant de cette manià ¨re à   la rà ©alisation du bonheur des citoyens, La vertu, incorporà ©e dans le droit, s'avà ¨re la condition sine qua non de l'actualisation de toutes les valeurs contenues dans le droit, telles que dà ©mocratie, libertà ©, justice sociale, respect de la personne et ainsi de suite. INTRODUCTION polla/ ga para touj e)qismouj kai th fu/sin pra/ttousi dia/ to lo/gon e)a peisqw=sin a)llwj e)xein be/ltion ARISTOTE, Polit., H 7, 1332b7-9 On dà ©finit d'habitude le droit comme un ensemble de rà ¨gles de conduite qui, dans une socià ©tà © donnà ©e, rà ©gissent les rapports entre les hommes de manià ¨re normative, obligatoire et contraignante. (1) Nà ©anmoins, dà ¨s que nous le traitons en tant que discours porteur de l'image organisationnelle du monde social et và ©hicule de valeurs, (2) ses fonctions sociales changent considà ©rablement, Étudier le droit dans l'ensemble de ses fonctions sociales tout en le rattachant au monde des valeurs, c'est quitter l'espace du positivisme juridique pour entrer dans celui de la sociologie et de la philosophie du droit, et rà ©pà ©rer les và ©ritables possibilità ©s du discours juridique. Ainsi, aprà ¨s avoir examinà © les fonction gà ©nà ©rales du droit (I), l'on passera à   l'à ©tude de ses fonctions axiologique et pà ©dagogique (II). Dà ¨s lors, le droit cesse d'à ªtre un instrument d'imposition d'une volontà © à   une autre à   l'aide de l'institution à ©tatique et devient un moyen civilisà © de faà §onner la conscience des hommes. I. LES FONCTIONS GÉNÉRALES DU DROIT Dans le droit est incorporà © l'image que les agents sociaux se font relativement à   l'organisation des rapports sociaux familiaux, à ©conomiques et politiques, qui constituent la structure globale (3) ou la structure de base de la socià ©tà © (4) et qui forment l'objet de la justice.

Creative writing – The assassin

Alison Cazer was looking out of the window thinking about the day ahead. Alison was a fashion designer and had her own business in London. She heard a noise and turned round to see her friend Lucy waiting in her office. Alison was so excited to see her; she wanted to tell her about all the brilliant things that had been planned for her today. She told Lucy about the good news; the meeting with Jacques Lording – the owner of Elicit a local rival company. ‘ I can't believe he rang me and asked to know more information about my products – I'm astounded. I mean why would he want to know more about my products, maybe he is thinking to merge with me. That would be brilliant because then together we would be bigger than Chars and hopefully that would put them out of business. Alison was going to meet Jacques in a large Victorian house in a little village called Axton. It was a little different than she expected but he said it was because he wanted a low-key meeting with no press watching their backs. Phil Cichloid was the assassin. He was a butler at the nearby Victorian house though this was just a cover up and had been given a contract by the director of a Chars. The plan was to kill Alison so then there will be no rival company for Chars to compete with because Alison put all the money in to the business, therefore Chars would make much more money. The director of Chars had been given a tip off about the merger and had to take action, the only way to do this was to kill Alison. It was the assassin's first killing but he still remained calm and very professional. The assassin was told to target Alison because she owned a rival business and was also thought of as rich and selfish by lots of jealous people as well as the director of chars. The assassin knew the time and location of when he was going to strike as he was told by the director who knew everything. The director was definitely right in one sense – yes she was rich, but not at all selfish. In fact she was totally opposite. She was a caring, bubbly, and down to earth girl. The house at which Alison was going to meet the manager was quite posh. Though from the outside it looked very dull and isolated this was on purpose, it is so nobody even thought the meeting would take place in a scruffy house therefore no press would be there. The bricks were grey and the windows black with dust. It was raining outside; the ivy on the wall made anyone who came near the house feel trapped and lonely but inside it was totally opposite. It was bright and warm. There was a barn besides the house. The debris of brick from the barn made the field besides the house look like a graveyard. The assassin was lying low behind the house on a hill, known to the locals as death hill because it was so steep you could hardly walk up it and anybody who got to the top would be almost dead. The assassin knew she would be surrounded by bodyguards, which is why he got so high up on the top of death hill. He also knew the boss of elicit would arrive soon after Alison so he had to be quick. Nobody could see the assassin but he could see his target perfectly well. He got into his position on the top of the hill he heard a car behind him. His rifle was a 1987pg with a range of 100m plenty far enough to reach Alison. He lifted his rifle in wait of the car coming up the drive, with excitement rushing around his body; he was disappointed when the car carried on straight down the lane. The assassin again heard a car this time he new it was Alison he could tell, you could see the 2 rings on her left hand reflecting the light and also the car had another 2 people in, he could only guess these were the bodyguards. He got his rifle ready and was now ready to strike. Alison turned up the drive and started driving up the long, winding, dislodged driveway. She heard a scrape; she got out of the car and saw a massive scratch on the back of her Lotus Elise. She was thinking about turning around- how could the boss of elicit see her car in such a state the only thing that changed her mind was the thought of been late for the boss, that was the last thing she wanted to do so she decided to carry on down the lane. The assassin at this stage was very calm, as though he was doing this as an honour. He was getting a bit frustrated, as this job was taking longer than expected and wanted to get onto his next job. He could see Alison coming now and got into his final position. She thought she had come to the wrong place, she had expected something more like Buckingham Palace, she knew there was something wrong but she carried on down the lane. She was about to turn the car around when her bodyguards saw a light coming from inside the house, somebody must be in she thought and went to investigate with the help of the bodyguards. She got out of the car and was just about to knock on the door when she remembered something; she had forgot to lock the door. ‘How stupid of me she thought, why didn't I lock it in the first place'. Alison locked the car door and looked around astounded at the dullness of the house and its surroundings – did the boss really want to meet her here? It started raining heavy so she put her hood up, this blocked her view of what was going on around her. Her bodyguards noticed something in the bush to the side of her and left her on her own while they went to investigate. She was just about to knock on the door. Before she could hear it she had already felt it, right through her stomach. She tried to scream but no sound would come out of her mouth. She tried to get her mobile but she couldn't move. She felt helpless and knew secretly that her world was coming to an end. The bodyguards rushed to her but knew there was nothing they could do, one went to get help and the other was trying to comfort her. There was no signal on her mobile phone and they couldn't get in the house. She grabbed her stomach in hope that in some miracle way it may stop the bleeding and she may have a chance to survive even though she knew she had no chance. Her trousers were wet with blood; she didn't dare look down frightened at what she may see. She was finding it hard to breath now, she tried to look around to see who had done this terrible thing to her but she couldn't see more than a metre. She dropped to the ground, the bodyguard tried to help her but there was nothing he could do, the pain was unbearable now; she knew she had to fight the pain or lose everything she had, her wonderful family and friends. She again tried to move but the pain was holding her back like some sort of barrier. She started to feel dizzy, she took one last look at her hand and fell to the ground with the rain pouring on her and blood slowly surrounding her body as the bodyguard went in search of the person who had done this. The assassin smirked, he moved quickly packing his things together as fast as he could. He ran to the car making sure he destroyed every bit of evidence he had made. He was unruffled, calm, cold and motionless. His car was on the other side of the hill so nobody noticed he was there, he made sure that he had got everything and set off down the drive. He took one last look behind him to check that Alison was dead and that his job had been done properly and made his way to his next job leaving Alison to die in her own pool of blood.

Assignment: The New World Order

Abstract There is a global economic phenomenon currently occurring in which the major banking families have gained a monopoly over the world's economies. This phenomenon has raised suspicions which has led to the conspiracy theory of ‘The New World Order'. This conspiracy theory focuses on the questionable climb to power that the major banking families have achieved over centuries and the esoteric strategies that each generation has worked in line with to ultimately gain world domination through creating a global mono-nation.Contents Page Official strory The theory chosen and why The elites rise to power How they have stayed in that position and possible threats How they plan to carry out the rest of the plan The significance of the new world order to new zealanders Bibliography Extra information Official story There is a global economic phenomenon currently reoccurring in which the major banking and/or Corporate Empire families have gained a monopoly over the world's economies .These major banking families, also known as the global elite, consist of the Morgan's, Rockefellers, Carnegies, Warburg's of Hamburg, Kuhn Loeb's of New York, the Goldman Sachs, the Lazard's of Paris, and the Rothschilds of Paris and London (said to be the most influential). These families own almost all, if not all, the central banks around the world. They also control the large oil and energy empires. When a country's economy falls, or goes into a recession, these Banks and Empires are the ones who still earn immense profits and make the effort to buy the competition out.They are known to fund candidates for presidential and priministerial elections, and also participate in exclusive meetings involving the highest of society. This amount of power that the global elite have gained has raised suspicions, and with the extensive evidence collected it supports the conclusions that have been drawn. The conspiracy theory â€Å"A New World Order† has emerged explaining why this ph enomenon is occurring.This theory involves the global elite participating in an esoteric plan to take control of the world's monetary system, and energy sources, and reduce the world population by 80%. This means they will effectively gain complete domination over the world through creating a mono-nation. There are different versions to this one conspiracy theory where aspects like religion are emphasized and the plan is to rid the world of religion. There is aslo a common conspiracy theory where globalization is used to gain world domination, instead of the creation of a mono-nation.The creation of a mono-nation seems to correspond with the evidence collected, a lot more logically than globalization, and I have found that even though religion is slowly becoming a thing of the past, it is still strong in many cases and will not get pushed to the side too soon. So I have concluded that the conspiracy theory that most closely corresponds with the evidence found is that the global elit e are planning to take over the world's monetary system, and energy sources following an esoteric strategy that will lead to world domination through the creation of a mono-nation.The position of the global elite is explained using the pyramid structure add pic We ordinary humans, the tax payers, are at the bottom of this triangle being exploited, along with the environment around us. We carry out our daily lives putting up with what is occurring around us. We every day, common joes follow the laws that are put in place by the government which is funded by our taxes. This places the government above us. If the government needs money it turns to the central banks.Because of the shear size and power of some corporations, some being larger then some national economies and also due to the fact that corporations fund the political campaigns and influence the decided successor through lobbying, the government can only sit above human/normal people with corporatocracy sitting just above. T hese powerful corporations include Bechtel, Exxon Mobil owned by the Rockefellers, GE (General Electric), Monsanto owned by Pfizer, News Corporation owned by Rupert Murdoch, Pfizer owned by share holders which include Citigroup (the Rothschild's) and Deusche Bank (the Warburg's).Above corporatocracy is the Big Banks including Citibank's (Rothchilds), Chase (Morgan's), Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, Wells Fargo and HSBC ( Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation). These banks fund the corporations by offering loans at special rates. This allows the coporations to complete their goals. Further above the Big Banks are the National Central Banks, such as the Federal Reserve which is controlled by a mix of the elite, and the Bank of England which is known to be controlled by the Rothschilds. Almost all countries have a Central Bank (funded by the Rothschilds) which commercial banks are members of.These Central Banks control the amount of money is in circulation and also set interest ra tes. They are above the four lower levels because they loan money out to governments at interest. These National Central Banks rely on the International Central Banks, the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and the World Bank to make more money while exploiting the countries they lend to. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is right at the top of the pyramid because it holds a significant amount of control over the global financial system by setting the amount of money banks around the world need to have.BIS is controlled by the elite and holds around 10% of the monetary reserves from at least 80 of the world's central banks. BIS serves as the lender for the last resort to stop a global financial collapse . The start of the elite monopoly game is known to have begun at Mayer Amschel Bauer of house of Rothschild. How the elite came to power†¦.. The evidence collected centralized around the Rothschilds, Morgans and Rockefellers. A little focused on some of the others but didn't cover the history of all the families so the conspiracy theory is concentrated around the Morgans, Rockerfellers, and the Rothschilds. Give me control of a nation's money and I care not who makes it's laws. † – Mayer Amschel Bauer Rothschild Mayer Amschel Bauer (son of Moses Amschel Bauer, who was a money lender and the proprietor of a counting house) was born 1743 in Frankfurt, Germany. After the death of his father, his name becomes Mayer Amschel Rothschild. He created the Illuminati in 1776 with Adam Weishaupt, for the soul purpose to divide all non-Jews through all aspects including political, economical, and social. Incidents were to be provided to complete these plans.This first incident would be the French Revolution. The first attempt at this halted to a stop when the instructions to start the revolutions fell into Bavarian authorities' hands. To complete their first goal the Illuminati went to Britain, who ignored the Bavarian government's warning about the illuminati and their plan. so in 1789-1793 the French Revolution took place. The revolution allowed the bankers to make more money as the Roman Church had less control over taxes. With the success in Europe the Rothschilds went to America to move forward.With the help of their agent in George Washington’s cabinet (Alexander Hamilton) they created America's first central bank in 1791. The First Bank of the United States was established with a 20 year charter. The charter then runs out in 1811 and when congress votes against its renewal the Rothschilds become angry and start to work towards another US central bank. The French bank de Rothschild Freres is set up in 1812. During 1815, the Rothschilds gain control of the British economy when a new Bank of England was set up and controlled by the Rothschilds after Napoleon was defeated.By the end of the 1800s it was estimated that the Rothschilds owned half of the world's wealth. This period of time is known as the â€Å"Age o f the Rothschilds†. In 1814 the Rothchilds and the Warburgs were tied together, and that same year the first attempt at a one world government failed when the Tsar Alexander 1 of Russia refused to have a Rothschild owned central bank during the Congress of Vienna. Nathan Mayer Rothschild was enraged and swore he would kill the Tsar Alexander I's entire family and descendants. The Rothschilds gain control of Americas money again through one of their central banks in 1816.This control spiralled downhill when President Andrew Jackson started to remove money from the Rothschild's second Bank of the United States placing the deposits into banks directed by Democrats. The panicked Rothschilds constrict the money supply through BUS President, Nicholas Biddle (agent for the Paris-based Jacob Rothschild), and America is thrown into a depression. Enlightened President Jackson states, â€Å"You are a den of thieves and vipers, and I intend to rout you out, and by the Eternal God, I will rout you out. † There were two failed attempts to assassinate President Jackson.One assassin later bragged that the powerful people promised him that if he got caught he would be protected. That assassin was trialled and found not guilty by way of insanity. Before President Jackson died in 1845 he noted his greatest achievement, â€Å"I killed the bank†. Under Jackson's rule the US debt went to $0. 00 for the first, and last time. Even though the Rothschilds were unable to directly influence the USA, they were able to influence the USA through the House of Morgan, from 1838, who presided over the American finances from Wall Street and Broad.They were also able to use the Rockefellers who, in 1863, started to from the business Standard Oil. In 1873 Albert Pike, an American General, who was enticed into the illuminati, completes the blue prints for the world wars and revolutions. The differences between the British and the Germans was to be the spark to start the First W orld War, during which the promise made to the eliminate the Tsars was to be carried out. The Tsar was to be replaced with Communism. World War Two was to ferment controversy between Facism and political Zionism, bring hatred against Germany, and increase the power of Communism.The Third World War was to stir up hatred of the Muslims to get the Islamic world and the Zionists to fight against one another, all while remaining nations become exhausted after being forced to fight against one another. The Rothschilds' luck continued to go bad with US Presidents when Abraham Lincoln, seeing what the banks were doing, started to print his own money. This did not allign with the Rothschild's plan and Lincoln was assassinated. In the 1893 recession, the House of Morgan saved the US Government using Rothschild gold.Author Gabriel Kolko stated, â€Å"Morgan’s activities in 1895-1896 in selling US gold bonds in Europe were based on an alliance with the House of Rothschild. † In 18 97 the Zionist movement is founded by the Rothschilds who elect Theodos Herzl as the President of the Zionist movement. in 1909 Jacob Schiff founds the National Advancement for the Association of the Coloured People (NAACP). This society was crreated to promote a greater split between whites and blacks. In 1913 the Rothschild get their final Central Bank for America called the Federal Reserve.During World War One, the Morgans fund half of the US war effort. The Rothschilds fund both sides of the war effort. While the Germans were winning the war, their government offers Britain an armictice but the Rothschilds, being one step ahead, sent one of their people to tell the British that they will enter on Britain's side if Britain agrees to give Palestine to the Rothchilds. The Balfour Declaration is sent. America enters the war. The Allies win and all the while the promise made to the Tsar is kept and the Tsars are destroyed.During thhis time the Bolsheviks gain conttrol over Russia. Th e Council of Foreign Relations is founded by Bernard Baruch and Colonel Edward Mandell House, under the orders of Jacob Schiff. The CFR's first job was to gain control of the press. John D. Rockefeller was given the task and set up national news agencies such as Life and Time. Bank of International Settlements, the BIS, the first Rothschild world bank, is established in 1930. Rothchilds fund German war efforts and that of the Allies during World War Two. The IMF and the World Bank are established in 1944.In the spring of 1948, US President Truman recognised Israel as a sovreign state after being bribed by the Rothschilds duing his campaign. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy is assasinated after trying to give the US government control over it's currency without it passing through the Federal Reserve. By 1985 the Rothschilds are known to control all three leading US television news networks , NBC, CBS, and ABC. In 2001, the September 9/11 attacks, (another conspiracy theory linked t o the Rothschilds), are said to have been caused so populations will give up their liberty for a sense of security.Afganistan is one of the 7 countries at that time not to have a Rothschild owned Central Bank. The US attack Afganistan. When America invaded Iraq, Iraq was only one out of 6 countries that didn't have a Rothschild owned Central Bank, and also had an extensive water supply that Israel needed. In 2006 the French Rothchilds are the first foriegn banking family that gained China's approval to enter their financial market. Just last year there were reports that there were only 3 countries without Rothschild owned Central Banks: North Korea, Cuba and Iran. The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the large centers has owned the government of the U. S. since the days of Andrew Jackson. † – U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a letter written Nov. 21, 1933 to Colonel E. Mandell House These families have worked their way up the social and financial ladder using murder, intimidation and bribery. Using these same methods they have gained control over the world's monetary system. They have power over the non-renewable, natural energy sources, such as oil and gas.There is also evidence to suggest they are sabotaging developmental, renewable energy sources and they are still trying to suppress free energy. â€Å"This information coming out would completely change geo-political power more than anything in human history. † – Steven Greer, Disclosure and Orion Projects The conspiracy theory focuses mainly on the Rothschilds, but as most of these families are joined together through marrige, and deals, they are consequently all a part of these vile acts. The murder of 3 of the most well known US Presidents were at the hands of these global elite, Jackson, Lincoln, and JF Kennedy.They are skilled in bribery and manipulation, for example US President Truman was extremely influenced by these famil ies at the time they set up the Federal Reserve, showing that no person, no matter what their position, or country wants to go up against such powerful families. These aspects have allowed them to dominate our world's monetary system and the unrewable souces of energy such as oil (Rockefellers Standard Oil), nuclear and most electricity companies. Free energy relates to an energy that is clean, will always be able to be used and, most of all will be free to everyone. The implications are in plain sight.If everyone had free energy there would be no need for oil, or any of those other companies that have been exploiting us and our environment. There are many examples of these free energy machines that have been tested successfully but never see the light, as the scientists are suppressed. One of these examples is Haskell Karl, a free energy inventor who claimed that he had made a machine that worked and producded energy with only the use of air, called the AATE. In the early 1960s he took it to Wyle Testing Laboratory to be trialled. They could not understand how it worked and so asked if he could leave it with them over night.Haskell refused and took his machine home. He and his associate were to meet with President JF Kennedy to demonstrate the machine but before the meeting, Haskell's associates and the machine went missing. There was also a supposed deal with China which failed to go ahead when the main individual died of a mysterious heart attack. Scard Haskell went into hiding. Another well known scientist and inventor was Nikola Tesla who, financially supported by J. P Morgan, created the Wardwnclyffe Laboratory and its transmitting tower between 1901and 1905.The transmitter was, along with being the first radio transmitter, capable of transmitting power without wires to any point on the globe. This presented Morgan and the rest of the global elite with a problem. Morgan's famous comment about this was â€Å"If anyone can draw on the power, where do we p ut the meter? â€Å". The incomplete tower was demolished for war time security mesures in 1917. History and present day accounts are littered with these supressed inventions and inventors. It has gotten to the point where scientists are too scared to speak up.There are cases where inventors have been murdered or thrown into jail because they have threatened these powerful families with the creation of free energy, which could lead to their possible fall from power. I can only come to the thought that this conspiracy theory involves the creation of a mono-nation (one state, one set of rules, one government and no laws for the elite) rather than globalization (independent sovreign countries with trading between) through how they have already acted in the past. I have also found some of the ways the global elite are already starting to impliment this plan for a one world government with the reation of free trade agreements which join countries together. This also means that small com panies will miss out on the pay that they may have recieved if the big companies had to pay taxes. With the control of the media the global elite are able to fix into our minds what is normal and what is not. There used to be 88 media companies in America. Now there are 6 media companies that exist today. All 6 of these get their news from Reuters and the Associated Press. Reuters owns the AP, and the Rothschilds own Reuters. Effectively they have created the largest army possible.We get fed the information through the media without asking many questions, then when someone who does not agree with a certain thing speaks up they are pushed to the side. The global elite also have another agenda in their plan to create their mono-nation. In order to gain more power they have a goal of decreasing the global population by up to 80%. This would mean there are less people to exert their influence and control over. This would make it easier for them to remain in power, as there would be less people who might question their motives. There are a few areas where this population control agenda have arisen.The growing potency of GMO foods has been directly related to the lowering sperm counts in males globally. Women around the world have been sterillized without their permission. These are the few examples of how the global elite are slowly lowering the world population. Also around America ‘camps' have been erected to ‘fix the situation' of overpopulation. New Zealand is a part of the global elites' plan as well. Our history also contains an extensive amount of evidence that we are a part of the New World Order going right back to 1967. In this year a texas oil billionaire, Nelson Bunker Hunt, finds a huge oil source south of New Zealand.That same year Placid Oil is granted drilling rights in the Great South Baisin after Finance Minister, Rob Muldoon, recieves $US100,000 loan from Hunt's Placid Oil Co. In 1969 Onassis Oil calls for a council meeting to discuss a plan to monopolize the Great South Basin in Washington DC. The council members include John McCloy, Nelson Rockefeller, and David Rockefeller. A plan to control all New Zealand and Australian oil and mineral resources are outlined by McCloy. 1970 Onassis Oil start setting in place their plan by creating the AIFC (Australian International Finance Corporation) using ANZ (Australia and New Zealand Bank).ANZ is also a Rothschild owned bank. Also in 1970, Japanese business men (with strong connections to the global elite) move to New Zealand and with the help of Finance Minister Muldoon and others Mitsubishi and Mitsu buy rights to iron sands. Muldoon also helps Mitsu obtain the 320million cubic foot Kiangaroa Foresty contract with Carter Holt. By buying New Zealand's largest travel company, Atlantic and Pacific Travel, the Fletchers help extend the Rockefeller Travellodge operation.In 1971, Muldoon changes the law to allow Mafia-controlled banks to opperate in New Zealand when Onassi s and Rockerfeller began to buy influence for this New World Order. Connections are also made between Renouf in New Zealand United Corp and global elite. In 1972 Bob Seldon an associate of Gulf Oil helps to establish New Zealand's first international banks which include N. Z. I, Bank of New Zealand, Morgan Guarranty Trust, Morgan Grenfel and S. F. Warburg. This same year Norman Kirk is elected Priminister of New Zealand. n 1974 Norman Kirk, along with Gough Whitlam, begin to move against the Mafia Trilateralists which opposes the global elites' plans. Kirk introduced and applied a tough Anti-monopoly Bill and also, using price regulation and a wages policy, tried to redistribute income from the big companies to the labour force. Kirk also rejected the plan for Dunedin to have a second Aulminum smelter, setting himself up to gain more control over New Zealand oil resources through the Petroleum Amendment Bill. Kirk had also found out about the large resource of oil Hunt Petrolium had found while drilling in the Great South Basin.There was enough oil and gas resources that New Zealand would be eble to become self sufficient for years. These facts were kept quiet by the big companies to prevent the oil prices lowering, as this would not go with the plans of OPEC and Onassis for the Arabs to be achieved. During 1975 the elections are held with Rowling verses Muldoon. Muldoon wins after oil companies pour money in to support Muldoon's campaign through the National Bank of New Zealand (who's general manager is a member of the Todd Foundations; Investment Board Director Tudhope also Managing Director of Shell Oil andChairman Shell/BP/Todd foundations). In 1977 Muldoon travels to the US to meet with Rockefeller officials not the US Government. Petrolcorp is set up by Muldoon in 1978. Taxpayers pay for exploration costs while the big oil companies control the outlets. Muldoon also plans to to re-open National Parks for the exploitation of our minerals. 1981 New Zealand Oil & Gas (NZOG), with strategic holdings by Jones, Renouf and Brierley launches. Through the Pike River Coal Company NZOG controlled 80 million tonnes of coal.Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch and Hawkes Bay Gas is owned by Brierley. Shell/BP/Todd Foundations and Fletcher Challenge control Liquigas Limited. New Zealand was the first countary to install EFPOS (owned by the Rothschilds ANZ and Bank of New Zealand). Cash is rarely used as EFTPOS and the newer internet banking system has become more popular. The Rothschilds also own our National Rugby League, owned Ansett New Zealand airlines, and own the New Zealand Reserve Bank.Our current Priminister, John Key, used to work for Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch, and apparently one time when he got drunk, before he became priminister, he said that he was chosen to be the next New Zealand Priminister. Goldman Sachs have control over half of our media. In June, John Key signed an agreement with NATO (controlled and founded by the globa l elite). It also seems that our natural resources have come in to play again. Since John Key has been in power it was New Zealand's protestors that saved our National Parks being gutted out to find minerals.John Key's Speech to the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, 26 May 2009: â€Å"The move toward a single economic market is an attempt to really integrate the investment protocols and also ultimately the behind the border issues that ultimately both countries face† An Asia-Pacific Union† â€Å"The medium term challenge for both countries is actually to be fully integrated into Asia† â€Å"Quite what the future opportunities will look like is not yet clear. But compared with 75 years ago the international landscape is vastly different, and in many ways more conducive to achieving the global solution the OECD Secretary-General called for. â€Å"We are engaged in an FTA negotiation with Korea. And, of course, we have just signed an FTA with the ten ASEAN nations, which potentially connects New Zealand to the embryonic single market in East Asia (CEPEA). New Zealand must be part of a web of bilateral and plurilateral trade links that are being established throughout the Asia-Pacific region. † â€Å"We need to be plugged into the security arrangements that govern peace and stability in the region. These are multilateral arrangements, but our bilateral security relationships in the region are also important.New Zealand has a strong interest in robust US engagement in the region. † â€Å"The Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) is the plurilateral framework that will underpin the future development of trade across the region. This agreement envisages a free trade agreement between Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Island countries. † â€Å"When we met in March, Kevin Rudd and I set out an ambitious agenda of initiatives. To build prosperity, we want to break down barriers at the borders, w hether for investment, tourism, or for people flows.We want to erode barriers behind the borders, by exploring further harmonisation on climate change, science and innovation and domestic regulation where that makes sense. And we want to tackle barriers to prosperity beyond our borders, by promoting open markets and healthy capital flows around the world. When I go to Australia again in August, Kevin Rudd and I will review progress on those initiatives, and set new goals towards creating a truly single, economic market. The importance of that in raising New Zealand’s performance and productivity cannot be understated. â€Å"